Fragments by Anaxagoras of Clazomenae Edited and Translated by Arthur Fairbanks
DK 59 B1
= Simplicius. Physique. 155, 23
All things were together, infinite both in number and in smallness; for the small too was infinite.
And, when all things were together, none of them could be distinguished for their smallness. For
air and aether prevailed over all things, being both of them infinite; for amongst all things these
are the greatest both in quantity and size.
DK 59 B2
= Simplicius. Physique. 155, 30
2.
For air and aether are separated off from the mass that surrounds the world, and the
surrounding mass is infinite in quantity.
DK 59 B3
= Simplicius. Physique. 164, 16
Nor is there a least of what is small, but there is always a smaller; for it cannot be that what is
should cease to be by being cut. But there is also always something greater than what is great,
and it is equal to the small in amount, and, compared with itself, each thing is both great and
small.
DK 59 B4
= Simplicius. Physique. 34, 28 ; 156, 1 ; 34, 21 ; 157, 9
And since these things are so, we must suppose that there are contained many things and of all
sorts in the things that are uniting, seeds of all things, with all sorts of shapes and colors and
savors (R. P. ib.), and that men have been formed in them, and the other animals that have life,
and that these men have inhabited cities and cultivated fields as with us; and that they have a sun
and a moon and the rest as with us; and that their earth brings forth for them many things of all
kinds of which they gather the best together into their dwellings, and use them (R. P. 160 b).
Thus much have I said with regard to separating off, to show that it will not be only with us that
things are separated off, but elsewhere too.
But before, they were separated off, when all things were together, not even was any color
distinguishable: for the mixture of all things prevented it -- of the moist and the dry, and the
warm and the cold, and the light and the dark, and of much earth that was in it, and of a
multitude of innumerable seeds in no way like each other. For none of the other things either is
like any other. And these things being so, we must hold that all things are in the whole.
DK 59 B5 = Simplicius. Physique. 156, 9
And those things having been thus decided, we must know that all of them are neither more nor
less; for it is not possible for them to be more than all, and all are always equal.
DK 59 B6
= Simplicius. Physique. 164, 25
And since the portions of the great and of the small are equal in amount, for this reason, too, all
things will be in everything; nor is it possible for them to be apart, but all things have a portion
of everything. Since it is impossible for there to be a least thing, they cannot be separated, nor
come to be by themselves; but they must be now, just as they were in the beginning, all together.
And in all things many things are contained, and an equal number both in the greater and in the
smaller of the things that are separated off.
DK 59 B7
= Simplicius. De caelo 608, 23
So that we cannot know the number of the things that are separated off, either in word or deed.
DK 59 B8
= Simplicius. Physique. 175, 11 ; 176, 28
The things that are in one world are not divided nor cut off from one another with a hatchet,
neither the warm from the cold nor the cold from the warm.
DK 59 B9
= Simplicius. Physique. 35, 13
... as these things revolve and are separated off by the force and swiftness. And the swiftness
makes the force. Their swiftness is not like the swiftness of any of the things that are now among
men, but in every way many times as swift.
"swiftness" is the mechanism by which Nous (Mind or cosmic intellect) generated the physical universe from a primordial mixture.
DK 59 B10
= Shol.In Gregor. XXXVI, 911
How can hair come from what is not hair, or flesh from what is not flesh?
DK 59 B11
= Simplicius. Physique. 164,22
In everything there is a portion of everything except Nous, and there are some things in which
there is Nous also.
(Anaxagoras' concept of NOUS is the mind or intellect that initiated motion and brought order to the Universe from a primordial mixture of all things.)
DK 59 B12= Simplicius. Physique. 164,24 ; 156,13 ; Vgl.16,32.
All other things partake in a portion of everything, while Nous is infinite and self-ruled, and is
mixed with nothing, but is alone, itself by itself. For if it were not by itself, but were mixed with
anything else, it would partake in all things if it were mixed with any; for in everything there is a
portion of everything, as has been said by me in what goes before, and the things mixed with it
would hinder it, so that it would have power over nothing in the same way that it has now being
alone by itself. For it is the thinnest of all things and the purest, and it has all knowledge about
everything and the greatest strength; and Nous has power over all things, both greater and
smaller, that have life. And Nous had power over the whole revolution, so that it began to
revolve in the beginning. And it began to revolve first from a small beginning; but the revolution
now extends over a larger space, and will extend over a larger still. And all the things that are
mingled together and separated off and distinguished are all known by Nous. And Nous set in
order all things that were to be, and all things that were and are not now and that are, and this
revolution in which now revolve the stars and the sun and the moon, and the air and the aether
that are separated off. And this revolution caused the separating off, and the rare is separated off
from the dense, the warm from the cold, the light from the dark, and the dry from the moist. And
there are many portions in many things. But no thing is altogether separated off nor distinguished
from anything else except Nous. And all Nous is alike, both the greater and the smaller; while
nothing else is like anything else, but each single thing is and was most manifestly those things
of which it has most in it.
DK 59 B13
= Simplicius. Physique 300,27 ; Aristote Physique B2.
And when Nous began to move things, separating off took place from all that was moved, and
so much as Nous set in motion was all separated. And as things were set in motion and separated,
the revolution caused them to be separated much more.
DK 59 B14
= Simplicius. Physique 167,5.
And Nous, which ever is, is certainly there, where everything else is, in the surrounding mass,
and in what has been united with it and separated off from it.
DK 59 B15
= Simplicius. Physique 179,3
The dense and the moist and the cold and the dark came together where the earth is now, while
the rare and the warm and the dry (and the bright) went out towards the further part of the aether
DK 59 B16
= Simplicius Physique 179,6.
From these as they are separated off earth is solidified for from mists water is separated off, and
from water earth. From the earth stones are solidified by the cold, and these rush outwards more
than water.
DK 59 B17
= Simplicius. Physique. 163,18.
The Hellenes follow a wrong usage in speaking of coming into being and passing away; for
nothing comes into being or passes away, but there is mingling and separation of things that are.
So they would be right to call coming into being mixture, and passing away separation.
DK 59 B18
= Plutarch de fac. in orb. lun 16,929b
It is the sun that puts brightness into the moon.
DK 59 B19
= Schol. Hom. BT in Iliadem 17, 547
We call rainbow the reflection of the sun in the clouds. Now it is a sign of storm; for the water
that flows round the cloud causes wind or pours down in rain.
DK 59 B20
= Galen, in Hippoer, de aëre aqu. loc. VI 202
(arguably spurious)
With the rise of the Dogstar (?) men begin the harvest; with its setting they begin to till the fields.
It is hidden for forty days and nights.
"Dogstar" refers to the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius, which is located in the southern constellation Canis Major (the Great Dog). The name comes from its close association with the ancient Greek and Roman hunting dog constellations, and historically, its rising in the pre-dawn sky was linked to the hottest days of summer and the Nile River flood in ancient Egypt.
DK 59 B21
= Sextus adv. math. VII, 90
From the weakness of our senses we are not able to judge the truth.
DK 59 B21a
= Sextus adv. math. VII, 140
What appears is a vision of the unseen.
DK 59 B21b
= Plutarch de fort. 3, 98f
(We can make use of the lower animals) because we use our own experience and memory and
wisdom and art.
DK 59 B22
= Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, II, 57d
What is called "birds' milk" is the white of the egg
And there you have it.
Today's Cosmic Theory going 360 degrees back to the Ancients!